法国：种植者警告未交付的合约马铃薯将不予付款
The 2026 干旱未能为法国马铃薯链条造出赢家，行业领袖表示。种子种植者、块茎种植者、加工商和消费者都面临损失。农业周报 Le Betteravier français 汇总了他们在 23 9月的观点。
Seed yields collapse without water
马铃薯种子种植者开季表现良好，种子种植者联合会 FN3PT 主席 Bernard Quéré 说。随后干旱和热浪削减了产量。
In Normandy, non-irrigated seed plots yielded only 12 tonnes per hectare. Irrigated plots on the same farm reached 38 to 40 t/ha.
“无法预测种子未来需求，” Quéré 说。也不清楚春季 2027 法国和欧盟的种植面积。
Virus pressure adds a certification risk. Aphids and leafhoppers arrived early. According to Quéré, symptoms of potato virus Y (PVY) are visible, and transmission of leafroll virus (PLRV) is occurring.
更高的种子价格可能未能传递给种植者。许多种子合同在 2025–2026 冬季签订。Egalim 法律允许在生产成本上升时进行价格修订。
Contract growers face a double loss
块茎马铃薯今年将更易销售。然而，价格无法完全抵消产量损失，文章指出。
“Only a minority of producers will benefit from the price situation,” said Alain Dequeker, secretary general of the growers union UNPT. The result depends on how much each grower is tied to processors or collectors by contracts.
鲜马铃薯委员会 CNIPT 主席 Florence Rossillon 引用了农村法典。特殊气候事件使生产者免除产量惩罚。但合同义务仍然存在。
Dequeker warned that potatoes not delivered because of low yields will not be paid. This will hit farm profitability hard. Tubers below the required size also risk penalties.
灌溉已达极限
Even irrigated growers were disappointed. Their equipment was not designed for five heatwaves above 35°C in one season. Starch potato growers are among the biggest losers, with weak yields and sharply lower prices.
为何重要
Contracts protect growers against low prices, but not against low yields. This season shows the limits of the model. Contract terms on force majeure, size penalties and price revision are likely to dominate talks for 2027. Seed buyers should also watch virus test results closely.
照片：法国布列塔尼的机械化马铃薯收获（示意图）。Thesupermat / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.5
